In this type of leadership, ample freedom of opinion is given to subordinates and two-way communication is encouraged. (b) Workers develop a greater sense of self-esteem, due to importance given to their ideas and their contribution. Negative leaders act domineering and superior with people. 3. (v) Where goals of companies and subordinates are compatible. (ii) Leader helps only when requested for. It has to be observed at the outset that some leaders are disciplinarians or martinets (i.e., persons who maintain strict discipline) while others are more permissive and tend to delegate power to subordinates. ii. Democratic leadership is based on the assumption that the followers are all capable. Only you can do. All the articles you read in this site are contributed by users like you, with a single vision to liberate knowledge. Such a leader always thinks of the tasks he has undertaken and spends most of his time finding out ways and means of doing it better. Under this style the leader tries to achieve organisational goals by exploiting the weak points of employees. This style is used when the leader tells his employees what he wants and how he wants it done, without getting the advice of his followers. If the immediate goal is increase in productivity or subordinates have low need for independence autocratic style may be preferable. Use all Three – Telling employees that a procedure is not working correctly and a new one must be established (authoritarian). There may be different styles of different leaders since they are working under different organisations and situations. 4 basic leadership styles in the decision-making process. The authoritarian style should only be used on rare occasions. They believe their authority is increased by pushing everyone into higher level of productivity but when this approach is used wrongly, it lowers the morale of employees which lowers the productivity. Some people need more positive directions than others. The delegation of authority is a critical management tactic in any organization. He depends largely upon the group to establish its own goals and work out its own problems. He dominates and drives his group through coercion and command. (i) This style of leadership may not work under all situations. He does not delegate authority. This style is also called democratic, consultative, or ideographic. Concern for production means the attitude of superiors towards a variety of things, such as the quality of policy decisions; procedures and processes; creativeness of research; quality of staff services; work efficiency; and the volume of output. He serves only as a ‘contact’ to bring the information and resources needed by the subordinates. iv. These types of leaders believe in sharing ideas with their subordinates. Group members perform everything and the manager usually coordinates with outside agencies to bring information and material which the group needs. If the manager is successful over time, all employees will eventually perform at level 5. It helps them understand why they get the reaction that they do from their subordinates. Some of the appropriate conditions when this style is used are when leader has all the information to solve the problem, he is short on time, and his employees are well motivated. Disclaimer The leader will then delegate the responsibilities to his or her followers in order to complete the task at hand. These two motivational styles of leadership have their own specific features. There are many subordinates in an organization who prefer to work under a centralized authority structure and strict discipline. A good leader must possess the following basic skills for effective delegation; Communication: There should be clear articulation of what needs to be done Trust: The people to which authority or duty is to be delegated to should be well trusted Honesty: You should be open to the team on what you expect. Bureaucratic or Rules-Centered Leadership: Leadership Styles – In Indian Organisations (, PreserveArticles.com: Preserving Your Articles for Eternity, Short note on the Autocratic or dictatorial leadership. He is dogmatic and positive. He helps guides and protects all of his subordinates but they do not grow under him. They display authority in the false belief that it frightens everyone into productivity. What Is Delegation and How Does It Enhance Team Management? Effective leaders are flexible enough to alter their style to meet the demands of the situation. Managers have some tasks that they need to do, but their primary job is to make sure that others are doing what they have been assigned to accomplish the mission and goals of the organization. In general, democratic leaders may have to shift into more of a directive mode when faced with a crisis, but they make clear what they are doing and why. The nature of various types of authority is discussed below: Type # 1. It represents a consistent combination of philosophy, skills, traits and attitudes that are exhibited in a person’s behaviour. Concern for production includes the leaders who are very task oriented, whereas concern for people includes the leaders who are very people oriented. A leader practising this style is called democratic leader. Entre­preneurs drive themselves and others relentlessly, yet their personalities inspire others. (ii) Subordinates tend to shirk responsibility and initiative. Use authoritarian style on a new employee who is just learning the job. It leads to frustration, low morale and conflict among employees. Subordinates are encouraged to make suggestions and take inititative. Every leader develops a pattern in the way he handles his subordinates or followers in various situations. […] But there is a limit to the degree of flexibility that should be used. Make the disciplinary process as formal as possible. iv. These are (i) the use of supportive relationships by managers, (ii) the use of group decision-malting and group methods of supervision, and (iii) high-performance goals. Affiliative — creates harmony (to be used to heal wounds and to motivate people under stress). Some people tend to think that this style is leading by threats and abusing their power. Overdependence on leader leads to inflexibility in operations. Behavioural pattern adopted by a leader while influencing his followers is called as a leadership style. Delegation of authority – Centralised authority, no delegation. One of the goals of delegating authorities to an employee or a subordinate is to ensure various tasks are accomplished efficiently and also within the specified time frame. People who continuously work out of the negative are bosses while those who primarily work out of the positive are the real leaders. c. They share the responsibility with the superior and try to safeguard him also. (i) Autocratic style leads to frustration, low morale and conflict among subordinates. If the approach. These organisations become highly centralised in structure and remain authoritarian in approach. (v) The quality of decisions is improved. Employees generally resent this type of leadership. However, the contribution of the manager is almost nil. Successful Delegation: Using the Power of Other People’s Help. iii. The leader is competent and a good coach. Unlike an autocratic manager who controls through the official authority, a participative manager exercises control mostly by using forces within the group. A benevolent autocrat is effective in getting higher productivity in many situations and developing effective human relationships. Their flurry of activity rubs off on group members and those around them. (iv) There is free and informal environment. They also vary from one enterprise to another. iii. (ii) Provides opportunity to subordinates to develop their talent. Leadership style varies from person to person at the same point of time and may also vary from one situation to another situation by the same leader. Thus, the paternalistic leader is able to be sociable but is not able to offer intellectual help. Check your understanding of delegation in office management and its related vocabulary. 6. It increases their morale. Each is to be used in a different situation. In fact, he delegates his authority completely to his subordinates. Communication – Two way communication. However, it depends on the leaders how to use authority. Over dependence on rules and procedures brings red tapism in the working. Delegation of authority is an important managerial practice of getting things done through others by sharing authority with them. Motivation technique – Reward and involvement (positive motivation). The persons who are properly qualified and competent to manage their work are assigned managerial jobs. These organisations are managed by civil servants who have brought a lot of bureaucratic culture with them. 1. i. They structure the complete work situation for their employees and employees do what they are told. Posts about Effective Delegation guidelines written by managementinnovations. (iii)Where leader is willing to delegate authority and responsibility. ii. Autocratic or Authoritarian Leadership 2. (i) There is no or minimum interference from the leaders. Negative leaders dominate people. How To Lose the Useless Items that Weigh Down Your Day – Cellphone Calls, Advantages You Probably Don’t Know About Switching To Mac From PC, 11 more reasons to tell you to stop watching TV, 7 Effective Time Management Tips To Maximize Your Productivity, How to Be Productive at Work: 9 Ground Rules, How to Not Get Distracted: 10 Practical Tips to Sharpen Your Focus, Your Night Routine Guide to Sleeping Better & Waking Up Productive, Productivity Music for Focus (Recommended Playlists), What Is the 80 20 Rule (And How to Use It to Boost Productivity), What Are SMART Goals (and How to Use Them to Be Successful). The possible advantage of free-rein style of leadership is as under: (a) It creates an environment of freedom, individuality as well as team spirit. Each style points out the relative contents of concern for production or people and implies that the most desirable leader behaviour is 9.9 (maximum concern for production and people). Leadership style varies from person to person at the same point of time and may also vary from one situation to another situation by the same leader. Democratic approach may dilute the quality of expertise involved in decision-making. Importance 8. (i) Subordinates do not get the guidance and support of the leader. ii. Bruce Fong shared his ideas of the different levels of delegation which are worth reviewing: Autocratic, Consultive and Participative Leaders: Consultive leaders approach one or more employees and ask them for inputs prior to make a decision. (ii) Professionally managed Indian organisations and foreign owned organisations. There is a feeling of distrust when the manipulative nature of the leader is evident and the employees feel cheated. Are relationships based on respect and trust or on disrespect? For when you’re short on time but the task at hand is highly important, intervention is the way to go. Different leadership style exists among leaders in different times and in different situations. Blake and Mouton have described the five styles as follows: i. The behaviour pattern exhibited by a leader while influencing the followers is known as leadership style. The employees are exploited through different means for extracting more and more work from them and not compensating them for their additional efforts. Sometimes, superiors adopt an autocratic leadership style just to hide their incompetence, because in other styles they may be exposed before their subordinates. Structure (task orientation) – Leaders believe that they get results by consistently keeping people busy and urging them to produce more. (ii) Provides motivation and inspiration to the leader since he dictates terms. Leadership Styles – Authoritarian or Autocratic Style, Participative or Democratic Style and Free Rein Style. Participative leader also called as democratic leader invites inputs from the subordinates on company issues before taking any decision. Instead of taking unilateral decisions, he or she emphasizes con­sultation and participation of the subordinates. Communication – Free flow of communication. Most leaders do not strictly use one style or another but are somewhere on a continuum ranging from extremely positive to extremely negative. He is mainly concerned with the well-being of his followers and is always ready to protect them. A negative leader never gets natural cooperation from his subordinates or the followers. On this basis, leadership styles are divided into two categories – (i) Production-oriented leadership style, and (ii) Employee-oriented leadership style. Autocratic leader have proved to be successful in many cases. Free-rein Leadership Style – It includes those leaders who do not use the power. Coaching — develops people (to be used to improve performance and develop strengths). May lead to chaotic environment if subordinates work in a disjoint manner. Mindtools.com *** For you who are interested in What is Delegation in Management – you may also be interested in Susanne Madsen’s book: The Power of Project Leadership. The various factors affecting the degree to which a style is appropriate are flexible enough to alter the style of an organisation, the nature of the task to be performed, the characteristics of the individuals in the leader’s team (the followers) and of the group as a whole and, importantly, the personality of the leader. This is how delegation of authority becomes an important tool in organization function. Lack of direction may cause ambiguity and confusion. A person who is in charge, such as a manager or a team leader, assigns other team members certain tasks that have to be completed in a … These organisations have democratic and participating styles of leadership. Misused, looked on as an escape hatch through which the leader can lessen responsibility. g. Type of task-structured, unstructured, complicated, or simple? The employees know their jobs and want to become part of the team. The people are convinced that in case of defaults penalties would be imposed, such as, wage cut, demotion, retrenchment, etc. 4. A leadership style can be defined as the approach adopted by the organizational leaders to provide direction, implement plans, and motivate the employees in an organization. Once a Month Cooking: Productivity Hack or Overrated Time Suck? Then, you’ll need to decide to whom each task should be delegated. (iii) Positive effect on morale and job satisfaction of subordinates. In truth there is no such thing as an ideal leadership style. (vi) It requires considerable communicating and persuasive skills on the part of the leader. It allows followers to become part of the team and leader to make better decisions. A leader, keeping in view the organisational goals and environmental forces, may change his style too. He sees to it that policy is worked out in group discussions and with the acceptance of the group. Attitude, interests and salary. power to take decisions, in order to accomplish the assignments on the manager’s behalf. As a result, entrepreneurs are often perceived as charismatic. According to McFarland, “An authoritarian leader is one who gets others to do as he directs with little or no scope on their part for influencing the decision.” He commands. Using this style is not a sign of weakness; rather it is a sign of strength that employees respect and are committed to. Autocratic style of leadership may endanger the organisational efficiency. c. Participation can be used covertly to manipulate employees. Such a leader makes the subordinates feel that they are participative in decision making, but he takes all the decisions himself. The exertion of minimum effort is required to get work done and sustain organization morale. (b) With a free and informal work environment, it is highly conducive to create work. In particular, subordinates who depend upon the boss and do not want to take any initiative get satisfaction from this style. It is the delegation by one individual to another of the right to act, to make decisions, to requisition resources, to direct others to act and to perform other tasks in order to fulfill the job responsibilities. He follows negative motivational style to get the work done. Management by delegation helps use the power of delegation as a tool for achieving better results and helping people improve their skillset. Matrix The temporary nature of assignments under _____ departmentalization does not allow employees to … Broadly speaking, leadership styles are categorised into three categories: 1. Motivation technique – Fear and punishment (negative motivation). 2. Source of increased employee morale and satisfaction. Negative leaders pose themselves superior to others and, thus, act as the boss rather than leader. This style is suitable to certain situations where the manager can leave a choice to his group. When a leader prefers to be dominant in decision-making and there is little room for error in final accomplishment, autocratic leadership may enhance morale and improve productivity. In several types of environment such as truck manufacturing, railroad construction and insurance offices, the strongly considerate leader was shown to have achieved somewhat higher job satisfaction and productivity. Participative or Democratic Leadership. (ii) When employees take initiative and assume responsibility. There is no participation by subordinates in decision-making process. They are given free- hand in deciding their own policies and methods and take their own decisions. Questions and answers - MCQ with explanation on Computer Science subjects like System Architecture, Introduction to Management, Math For Computer Science, DBMS, C Programming, System Analysis and Design, Data Structure and Algorithm Analysis, OOP and Java, Client Server Application Development, Data Communication and Computer Networks, OS, MIS, Software Engineering, AI, Web Technology and … c. It permits very quick decisions as a single person takes most of the decisions. d. How well employees are trained and how well leader knows the task. (iii)There is too much of paper work and always a desire to play safe. vi. He uses his authority very little. a. Delegation of authority – Complete delegation of authority. There is a free flow of communication, rather more often an upward communication is observed. This style involves the leader and one or more employees in the decision-making process (determining what to do and how to do). You or someone else can do. But when the goal is job satisfaction and employees have a high need for independence, consultative style may be more effective. Now, let us discuss variety of styles that differ on the basis of motivation, power or orientation towards task and people. Rather, this style should be used when leader has full trust and confidence in his people. Difference between Autocratic, Laissez Fare and Democratic Style: 1. Free rein or laissez-faire leadership. The leader’s role remains restricted to “aiding the operations of the followers and acting primarily as a contact with the group’s external environment.”. 4. It also leads to reduction in the number of grievances of the workers. The total pattern of explicit and implicit leader’s actions as seen by employees is called leadership style. Though the performance standards and objectives are set, subordinates are given full autonomy to decide and plan how to achieve these objectives. (iv) Subordinates not developed for higher responsibilities. 1. iii. The term ‘leadership style’ refers to the constituent behaviour pattern of a leader as perceived by people around him. They work out themselves the problems involved in the accomplishment of assigned tasks. The leader cannot do everything. 3. Some supervisors with a strong need for ego fulfillment try to do all the work themselves so that they will receive personal credit from their supervisors. 29. The employees are not encouraged to take initiatives. Leaders approach people to motivate them in many ways. Produce-perish Leadership Style – It refers to the style of the leader who uses control and domination on his/her subordinates. Process 5. i. The employees are pressurized to perform better in return of money. PreserveArticles.com is a free service that lets you to preserve your original articles for eternity. c. Who has the information – leader, employees, or both? Communication – One way communication, downward only. In this style, the managers centralize the decision-making power in themselves. The behavioural pattern which a leader exhibits is known as his style of leadership. Use delegate style with a worker who knows more about the job than the leader. The behavioural pattern which the leadership exhibits is called leadership style. The rest is that all these organisations are governed by the bureaucratic model. The delegation of authority has three elements: 1. Strong chain of command and strict control. In particular, subordinates who depend upon the boss and do not want to take any initiative. Line managers may be defined as the authority of […] High task accomplishment leading to greater motivation for leader. iv. There are three important leadership styles which are based on the use of authority. Under this style, the leader induces the people to hard work on the basis of fear, threats, etc. 3 Elements of Delegating Authority. Autocratic or Authoritarian Leadership: 2. The autocratic leader thinks that his followers are incapable of making decision. (iii) Less competent subordinates are needed at lower levels. iv. Consultative style is more compatible with the prevailing value system which favours freedom of expression and independent thinking. TOS Democratic leaders use rewards and appreciations as tools to motivate their subordinates. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Likert’s four systems of management in terms of leadership styles may be referred to as exploitative autocratic (system 1), benevolent autocratic (system 2), and participative (system 3). (iii) May not provide good results when subordinates are not responsive. 1. Entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs are always in a hurry. Features of Delegation 3. Specifically, they have the ability to identify a problem and arrive at a solution. Free-rein leadership involves complete delegation of authority so that subordinates themselves take decisions. Adequate performance through the balance of work requirements and the maintenance of satisfactory morale. It tends to permit the different units of an organization to proceed at cross purposes and the result can be chaos. This is also known as “participative leadership”. (i) When co-operation of employees is needed urgently for a specific task. 2. Decision making – Decisions taken in consultation of subordinates. Delegation of authority – Delegation of authority as per needs. to motivate employees while negative leaders emphasize on penalties. What should be Delegated 4. (ii) It may not yield positive results when subordinates prefer minimum interaction with the leader. The following six styles of leadership have been identified. Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans and motivating people. Thus, some employees may prefer the open tyranny of an autocrat as compared to the covert tyranny of a group. Paper 1 – Fundamentals of Organization and Management (Syllabus 2008) The Institute of Cost Accountants of India (Statutory Body under an Act of Parliament) Page 4 (d) Operations research. Good leaders may also change their style when dealing with individual team members on the basis of their characteristics. Indian organisations can be classified into following three categories: (i) Family managed traditional organisations. No Delegation of Total Authority; A manager cannot delegate his/her total authority to the subordinates. This style is normally used when leader has part of the information, and employees have other parts. It can also suggest some alternative styles that may be available to him. As such, participation does not remain meaningful. High Degree of Enthusiasm and Creativity: Related to the achievement need are enthusiasm and creativity. The production needs are more important as compared to employee needs. (iv) Consultation may be interpreted as a sign of incompetence on the part of the leader to deal with problems. (ii) When the projects are of short durations. Group members work themselves and provide their own motivation. iii. To get the work done, they hold over their personnel such penalties as loss of job, reprimand in the presence of others and a few days off without a pay. In this type of leadership, ample freedom of opinion is given to subordinates and two-way communication is encouraged. Free Rein or Laissez-Faire Leadership. Team leadership style is also called the sound style. Preference for Deeding with External Customers: One of the reasons why entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs have difficulty with bureaucracy is that they focus their energies on products, services, and customers, rather than on employees. (i) Leads to low morale and frustration among employees. He leads by the use of fear, threats, rewards and punishments. These types of leaders pay more attention to the needs of subordinates, as they believe that focusing on their needs will increase their performance. Autocratic or Authoritarian Style Leader, 2. i. There may be fear and frustration among the subordinates. ii. He sees to it that policy is one who gives order after consulting the group. Privacy Policy (iii) When long-term relationship may not be required. (iv) Provides positive results when things need to be done with speed. emphasizes reward-economic or otherwise the leader uses positive leadership. Elements 7. Leadership Styles: Types, Autocratic, Democratic, Free Rein or Laissez Leadership Styles as studied in Management, Leadership Styles – Autocratic , Participative, Free rein or laissez-faire (With Advantages and Disadvantages), 1. Participative leadership empowers employees to use their creativity and be more productive. Role of leader – Provides support and resources. Line Authority: Every organisation exists to achieve specific goals. He decentralises authority and allows the subordinates to share his power. They get satisfaction from this style. 5. Some people perform better under a strong authority structure and they derive satisfaction from this kind of leadership. Coercive — demands compliance (to be used in crisis or with problem people). (iv) Willing acceptance of rules, regulations, and procedures by employees. To greater or lesser degrees, leaders can be autocratic or democratic, controlling or enabling, task oriented or people centred. Which of the following three factors affects an employee’s motivation? They emphasize that the leadership style consists of factors of both the task-oriented and relation- oriented behaviour in varying degrees. Rewards include both monetary and non-monetary incentives. How to Delegate Tasks Effectively (Step-By-Step Guide), The Delights of Delegation: Why Going it Alone Doesn’t Work, Leaders’ Behavior Matter: The Role of Delegation in Promoting Employees’ Feedback-Seeking Behavior, The Impact of the Delegation of Authority on Employees’ Performance at Great Irbid Municipality: Case Study, How To Be Successful In Leadership As an Introverted Leader, 5 Types of Leadership Styles (And Which Is Best for You), 6 Effective Leadership Skills in the Workplace, 7 Ways to Improve Your Management Leadership Skills, music in the background can help you focus, How To Maximize Your Productivity With Music: A Complete Guide, Prioritize Right in 10 Minutes and Work 10X Faster, checking emails first in the morning is bad for you, 2-Step Approach to Self-Motivation: Track Small Wins and Reward Yourself, Fast-Track Class – Overcoming Distraction, How to Use a Calendar to Create Time and Space, The Ultimate Night Routine Guide: Sleep Better and Wake Up Productive, 29 Exercises You Can Do At (Or Near) Your Desk, 15 Simple And Quick Office Stretches To Boost Work Efficiency, How to Delegate Work (the Definitive Guide for Successful Leaders), The Dreamers’ Guide To Reaching Your Goal, 35 Books on Productivity and Organizational Skills for an Effective Life, 10 Simple Productivity Tricks To Manage Overloaded Information, 21 Tips to Organize Your Office and Get More Done. Leadership styles are the patterns of behaviour, which a leader adopts in influencing the behaviour of his followers (subordinates) in the organizational context. iii. Structured, task oriented leaders; on the other hand, believe that they get results by keeping people constantly busy, ignoring personal issues and emotions and crying them to produce. (iii) Creativity and potential of subordinates is not utilised. All decisions are taken on the basis of rules and regulations. This style may also be desirable when the company endorses fear and punishment as accepted disciplinary techniques. He assumes that the subordinates should be kept busy in work. Suitability – This style of leadership is suitable under following situations: (i) When leader wants participation of subordinates in decision making. The Delegation of Authority is a process through which manager assigns responsibility among the subordinate with a certain level of authority, i.e.